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Diagnostics showed 3,200 tiny inserts per 5 minutes (processor_executions: 2,376 at 14 rows avg, logs: 803 at 5 rows avg), each creating a new part and triggering MV aggregations + background merges. This was the root cause of ~400m CPU usage at 3 tx/s. async_insert=1 with 5s busy timeout lets ClickHouse buffer incoming inserts and consolidate them into fewer, larger parts before writing to disk. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>